1,290 Double Ring Vectors, Clipart, Icons, Backgrounds And Graphic Designs - Ready For Royalty Free Download From Dreamstime`s Creative Contributors.

Dense grid matrix of concentric double rings creating an optical pattern effect. High-quality abstract texture suitable for modern graphic art, tech backgrounds, apparel prints, and album covers. Double ring vectors
Dense grid matrix of concentric double rings creating an optical pattern effect. High-quality abstract texture suitable for modern graphic art, tech backgrounds, apparel prints, and album covers. Double ring vectors
A set of six circular frames built from thin gold ribbon that twists and crosses as it loops around. Each ring carries a different rhythm: a fine braided weave, a wide open lattice, a dense overlapping twist, a soft double curve, a smooth scalloped wave, and a heavy interlaced band. A metallic gradient runs along every ribbon, and each center is left clear for a monogram, date or short line of text. Editable vector file included. Double ring vectors
A set of six circular frames built from thin gold ribbon that twists and crosses as it loops around. Each ring carries a different rhythm: a fine braided weave, a wide open lattice, a dense overlapping twist, a soft double curve, a smooth scalloped wave, and a heavy interlaced band. A metallic gradient runs along every ribbon, and each center is left clear for a monogram, date or short line of text. Editable vector file included. Double ring vectors
Round stamp border with double ring and distressed texture, rough speckles, and worn edges. Symbol of authenticity, vintage seal, approval, and retro branding. Cartoon vector illustration. Double ring vectors
Round stamp border with double ring and distressed texture, rough speckles, and worn edges. Symbol of authenticity, vintage seal, approval, and retro branding. Cartoon vector illustration. Double ring vectors
A repeating geometric pattern covers a warm gray background with closely spaced red dots, each encircled by a fine golden-yellow ring. At the center, a deep red rectangular panel with a narrow double-line border contains the words 'Pattern Design' in ornate gold script. The orderly dots create a lively, rhythmic texture, while the central label gives the composition a polished, vintage-inspired feel. Double ring vectors
A repeating geometric pattern covers a warm gray background with closely spaced red dots, each encircled by a fine golden-yellow ring. At the center, a deep red rectangular panel with a narrow double-line border contains the words 'Pattern Design' in ornate gold script. The orderly dots create a lively, rhythmic texture, while the central label gives the composition a polished, vintage-inspired feel. Double ring vectors
Vector circular olive wreath template with double outline olives and copy space isolated on transparent background for food branding, olive oil label and Mediterranean product packaging. Double ring vectors
Vector circular olive wreath template with double outline olives and copy space isolated on transparent background for food branding, olive oil label and Mediterranean product packaging. Double ring vectors
A repeating monochrome pattern of small, broken circular motifs covers a light gray background, with each ring formed from black curved segments and pale gray accents. At the center, a dark rectangular plaque with a thin double-line border carries the words 'Pattern Design' in white decorative script. The restrained palette and orderly repetition create a balanced, graphic surface suited to a design backdrop. Double ring vectors
A repeating monochrome pattern of small, broken circular motifs covers a light gray background, with each ring formed from black curved segments and pale gray accents. At the center, a dark rectangular plaque with a thin double-line border carries the words 'Pattern Design' in white decorative script. The restrained palette and orderly repetition create a balanced, graphic surface suited to a design backdrop. Double ring vectors
Metal twin wire notebook binding with round punch holes isolated. Double loop wire coil vector element for calendars, planners, notebooks, organizers and printable stationery templates. Double ring vectors
Metal twin wire notebook binding with round punch holes isolated. Double loop wire coil vector element for calendars, planners, notebooks, organizers and printable stationery templates. Double ring vectors
A metal double tart mold designed for baking. It consists of two circular, fluted cavities for shaping pastry or dough, linked together with a flat metal section. The mold has a polished, reflective surface, indicating its stainless steel construction, which provides durability and ease of cleaning. Small latches on each side suggest a mechanism for secure closing. The symmetrical design allows for simultaneous baking of two pastries, optimizing time and oven space for home bakers and professionals alike. Double ring vectors
A metal double tart mold designed for baking. It consists of two circular, fluted cavities for shaping pastry or dough, linked together with a flat metal section. The mold has a polished, reflective surface, indicating its stainless steel construction, which provides durability and ease of cleaning. Small latches on each side suggest a mechanism for secure closing. The symmetrical design allows for simultaneous baking of two pastries, optimizing time and oven space for home bakers and professionals alike. Double ring vectors
Oval hand-drawn loop frame with rough distressed edges and double ring stroke. Symbol of highlight, emphasis, and focus for note or banner. Cartoon vector illustration. Double ring vectors
Oval hand-drawn loop frame with rough distressed edges and double ring stroke. Symbol of highlight, emphasis, and focus for note or banner. Cartoon vector illustration. Double ring vectors
Metal notebook wire binding set with round and square punch holes. Silver double loop binder coils for notebooks, planners, calendars, sketchbooks, stationery mockups and printable templates. Double ring vectors
Metal notebook wire binding set with round and square punch holes. Silver double loop binder coils for notebooks, planners, calendars, sketchbooks, stationery mockups and printable templates. Double ring vectors
Metal notebook wire binding set with round and square punch holes. Silver double loop binder coils for notebooks, planners, calendars, sketchbooks, stationery mockups and printable templates. Double ring vectors
Metal notebook wire binding set with round and square punch holes. Silver double loop binder coils for notebooks, planners, calendars, sketchbooks, stationery mockups and printable templates. Double ring vectors
Circle ring made of rough brush stroke forming double border with distressed texture and empty center. Symbol of focus, highlight, badge, minimal emphasis for branding. Cartoon vector illustration. Double ring vectors
Circle ring made of rough brush stroke forming double border with distressed texture and empty center. Symbol of focus, highlight, badge, minimal emphasis for branding. Cartoon vector illustration. Double ring vectors
The image features a minimalist design consisting of two concentric circles. The outer circle is slightly larger than the inner circle, creating a simple yet elegant visual effect. The design is monochromatic, with the circles outlined in black against a white background. The symmetry and simplicity of the design evoke a sense of balance and harmony. Double ring vectors
The image features a minimalist design consisting of two concentric circles. The outer circle is slightly larger than the inner circle, creating a simple yet elegant visual effect. The design is monochromatic, with the circles outlined in black against a white background. The symmetry and simplicity of the design evoke a sense of balance and harmony. Double ring vectors
This graphic features a stylized double helix structure representing biological genetic material. The design uses vibrant blue, green, yellow and red colors to highlight the molecular components. A circular green ring frames the central structure, creating a clean and modern aesthetic suitable for scientific or medical concepts. Double ring vectors
This graphic features a stylized double helix structure representing biological genetic material. The design uses vibrant blue, green, yellow and red colors to highlight the molecular components. A circular green ring frames the central structure, creating a clean and modern aesthetic suitable for scientific or medical concepts. Double ring vectors
An abstract illustration featuring multiple DNA double helix structures arranged in a circular, mandala-like pattern against a deep blue gradient background. The light blue, stylized genetic strands create a sense of unity and interconnectedness, symbolizing molecular biology, genetic research, and biotechnological advancements. This clean, modern design is ideal for scientific presentations, medical websites, educational materials, or any project requiring a visual representation of genetics, innovation, and digital science concepts. Double ring vectors
An abstract illustration featuring multiple DNA double helix structures arranged in a circular, mandala-like pattern against a deep blue gradient background. The light blue, stylized genetic strands create a sense of unity and interconnectedness, symbolizing molecular biology, genetic research, and biotechnological advancements. This clean, modern design is ideal for scientific presentations, medical websites, educational materials, or any project requiring a visual representation of genetics, innovation, and digital science concepts. Double ring vectors
A repeating geometric pattern fills the image with closely spaced rows of gray circles, each formed by a dark outline, a pale ring, and a darker center. The rows alternate subtly in tone against a light gray background, creating a regular, orderly texture across the square composition. At the center, a dark rectangular plaque with a fine double-line border carries the words 'Pattern Design' in decorative white script, adding a vintage, understated focal point. Double ring vectors
A repeating geometric pattern fills the image with closely spaced rows of gray circles, each formed by a dark outline, a pale ring, and a darker center. The rows alternate subtly in tone against a light gray background, creating a regular, orderly texture across the square composition. At the center, a dark rectangular plaque with a fine double-line border carries the words 'Pattern Design' in decorative white script, adding a vintage, understated focal point. Double ring vectors
Fire burning two heart shapes on black background. Flaming love symbol with fire glow effect and sparkles. Realistic romantic design. Fiery energy double rings with orange tongues of flame. Double ring vectors
Fire burning two heart shapes on black background. Flaming love symbol with fire glow effect and sparkles. Realistic romantic design. Fiery energy double rings with orange tongues of flame. Double ring vectors
Symmetrical mandala design featuring a central flower pattern. Vibrant colors include pink, orange, and teal. Outer ring contains alternating floral and teardrop shapes, bordered by two double-lined circles with decorative dots. The design reflects traditional Eastern art motifs, often used for meditation and decorative purposes. Double ring vectors
Symmetrical mandala design featuring a central flower pattern. Vibrant colors include pink, orange, and teal. Outer ring contains alternating floral and teardrop shapes, bordered by two double-lined circles with decorative dots. The design reflects traditional Eastern art motifs, often used for meditation and decorative purposes. Double ring vectors
Blue fire burning two heart shapes on black background. Flaming love symbol with fire glow effect and sparkles. Realistic romantic design. Fiery energy double rings with tongues of flame. Double ring vectors
Blue fire burning two heart shapes on black background. Flaming love symbol with fire glow effect and sparkles. Realistic romantic design. Fiery energy double rings with tongues of flame. Double ring vectors
A clean line art icon illustrating a vertical DNA double helix structure enclosed within a circular orbital ring containing small particle nodes, set on a subtle cyan background. This visual symbol represents molecular biology, gene editing, bioengineering, genetic sequencing, scientific innovation, and medical research. Excellent for biotech branding, laboratory software, scientific presentations, and medical infographics. Double ring vectors
A clean line art icon illustrating a vertical DNA double helix structure enclosed within a circular orbital ring containing small particle nodes, set on a subtle cyan background. This visual symbol represents molecular biology, gene editing, bioengineering, genetic sequencing, scientific innovation, and medical research. Excellent for biotech branding, laboratory software, scientific presentations, and medical infographics. Double ring vectors
Clean graphic element showing a tick mark inside a double-bordered ring perfect for indicating completed tasks, certified quality, and positive results in documents. Double ring vectors
Clean graphic element showing a tick mark inside a double-bordered ring perfect for indicating completed tasks, certified quality, and positive results in documents. Double ring vectors
'FlowNest Icons' presents a dynamic collection of 16 circular directional arrow graphics crafted for modern digital applications. With a bold blue-yellow color palette, each icon offers unique styles including dotted, curved, double, and minimal pointers. Designed for UI UX flow, infographics, navigation prompts, and interactive layouts, this set blends clarity with motion, making it ideal for designers seeking functional yet standout visual tools. Double ring vectors
'FlowNest Icons' presents a dynamic collection of 16 circular directional arrow graphics crafted for modern digital applications. With a bold blue-yellow color palette, each icon offers unique styles including dotted, curved, double, and minimal pointers. Designed for UI UX flow, infographics, navigation prompts, and interactive layouts, this set blends clarity with motion, making it ideal for designers seeking functional yet standout visual tools. Double ring vectors
This comprehensive vector set features clean, solid black silhouettes of essential digital communication symbols including website homepage, WiFi signal, live chat bubble, email envelope, notification bell, share arrow, comment bubble, like thumb, follow user plus, hashtag symbol, trending graph, video play button, upload arrow, story circle ring, repost double arrow, magnifying glass search, link chain, bookmark ribbon, profile avatar, direct message speech bubble, podcast microphone, insights bar chart, feed stream, mention at symbol, verified check badge, boost ads megaphone, community group, privacy shield, reaction emoji face, and creator star. Double ring vectors
This comprehensive vector set features clean, solid black silhouettes of essential digital communication symbols including website homepage, WiFi signal, live chat bubble, email envelope, notification bell, share arrow, comment bubble, like thumb, follow user plus, hashtag symbol, trending graph, video play button, upload arrow, story circle ring, repost double arrow, magnifying glass search, link chain, bookmark ribbon, profile avatar, direct message speech bubble, podcast microphone, insights bar chart, feed stream, mention at symbol, verified check badge, boost ads megaphone, community group, privacy shield, reaction emoji face, and creator star. Double ring vectors
Twelve black circular designs of varying thicknesses and patterns are arranged in a grid on a white background. Each circle features distinctive inner and outer line styles, with some incorporating breaks or doubled lines. The arrangement consists of three rows with four circles each, emphasizing symmetry and minimalistic design. The overall appearance is simplistic yet varied, showcasing different styles of circular prints or icons. Double ring vectors
Twelve black circular designs of varying thicknesses and patterns are arranged in a grid on a white background. Each circle features distinctive inner and outer line styles, with some incorporating breaks or doubled lines. The arrangement consists of three rows with four circles each, emphasizing symmetry and minimalistic design. The overall appearance is simplistic yet varied, showcasing different styles of circular prints or icons. Double ring vectors
Metal wire notebook spiral binding isolated on white background. Vector illustration of double loop binder coil for notebooks, planners, sketchbooks, albums, calendars and stationery design. Double ring vectors
Metal wire notebook spiral binding isolated on white background. Vector illustration of double loop binder coil for notebooks, planners, sketchbooks, albums, calendars and stationery design. Double ring vectors
Retro-inspired motorcycle helmet showcasing a full-face design. Features a sleek blue exterior with distinct orange and yellow racing stripes across the top. The helmet includes classic round ventilation rivets on the sides and a wide, clear visor. The chin area has prominent air vents with a metallic grille. Double D-ring chin straps with metal hardware add to the vintage look. This design merges functionality with classic automotive style elements. Double ring vectors
Retro-inspired motorcycle helmet showcasing a full-face design. Features a sleek blue exterior with distinct orange and yellow racing stripes across the top. The helmet includes classic round ventilation rivets on the sides and a wide, clear visor. The chin area has prominent air vents with a metallic grille. Double D-ring chin straps with metal hardware add to the vintage look. This design merges functionality with classic automotive style elements. Double ring vectors
A simple black circle with a white double-lined border on a white background, creating a striking visual contrast. The image is minimalist, making it versatile for various design applications. Double ring vectors
A simple black circle with a white double-lined border on a white background, creating a striking visual contrast. The image is minimalist, making it versatile for various design applications. Double ring vectors
A flat lay of various minimalist icons including a double burger, fruit slice, document and other objects creating a modern and clean graphic element ideal for site or presentation use. Double ring vectors
A flat lay of various minimalist icons including a double burger, fruit slice, document and other objects creating a modern and clean graphic element ideal for site or presentation use. Double ring vectors
Collection of three simple blue circle outlines on white background featuring various line weights and styles. Clean geometric frames ideal for logo design badges stickers and minimalist branding layouts in professional projects. Double ring vectors
Collection of three simple blue circle outlines on white background featuring various line weights and styles. Clean geometric frames ideal for logo design badges stickers and minimalist branding layouts in professional projects. Double ring vectors
The image features a single green leaf with a detailed and realistic texture placed at the center of two concentric green rings. The rings have a gradient effect, transitioning from a lighter to a darker shade of green, creating a visually appealing border around the leaf. The background is transparent, allowing for versatile use in various design projects. Double ring vectors
The image features a single green leaf with a detailed and realistic texture placed at the center of two concentric green rings. The rings have a gradient effect, transitioning from a lighter to a darker shade of green, creating a visually appealing border around the leaf. The background is transparent, allowing for versatile use in various design projects. Double ring vectors
This set of colorful 3D molecular structures illustrates common chemical compounds including water, carbon dioxide, methane, a benzene ring, and a complex molecular structure alongside a colorful double helix DNA strand. The graphics are designed with a clean white background, making them suitable for educational materials, scientific presentations, or chemistry textbooks. Each molecule is clearly. Double ring vectors
This set of colorful 3D molecular structures illustrates common chemical compounds including water, carbon dioxide, methane, a benzene ring, and a complex molecular structure alongside a colorful double helix DNA strand. The graphics are designed with a clean white background, making them suitable for educational materials, scientific presentations, or chemistry textbooks. Each molecule is clearly. Double ring vectors
Illustration of six cereal boxes, each with unique, colorful designs. The boxes display different cereal types: Ring Cereal, Corn Flakes, Double Crunch, Choco Balls, Fruit Rings, and Oat Meal. Each box features an image of a bowl filled with its respective cereal. The packaging is vibrant with colors like orange, pink, green, blue, and yellow, and includes hand-drawn elements with a stylized appearance. Each box also features a barcode on the side. Double ring vectors
Illustration of six cereal boxes, each with unique, colorful designs. The boxes display different cereal types: Ring Cereal, Corn Flakes, Double Crunch, Choco Balls, Fruit Rings, and Oat Meal. Each box features an image of a bowl filled with its respective cereal. The packaging is vibrant with colors like orange, pink, green, blue, and yellow, and includes hand-drawn elements with a stylized appearance. Each box also features a barcode on the side. Double ring vectors
Metal bearing units shown with dual row ball arrangements inside sturdy outer rings.. Smooth, polished surfaces reflecting industrial precision under neutral lighting.. Inner rings expose ball cages, emphasizing engineered design for heavy-duty applications. Double ring vectors
Metal bearing units shown with dual row ball arrangements inside sturdy outer rings.. Smooth, polished surfaces reflecting industrial precision under neutral lighting.. Inner rings expose ball cages, emphasizing engineered design for heavy-duty applications. Double ring vectors
This image displays a collection of various organic chemical structures, rendered as black line drawings on a white background. Each molecule features a unique arrangement of atoms, including carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, connected by single, double, and triple bonds. The structures represent diverse functional groups and ring systems, suitable for educational materials, scientific illustrations, or conceptual representations of chemistry. Double ring vectors
This image displays a collection of various organic chemical structures, rendered as black line drawings on a white background. Each molecule features a unique arrangement of atoms, including carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, connected by single, double, and triple bonds. The structures represent diverse functional groups and ring systems, suitable for educational materials, scientific illustrations, or conceptual representations of chemistry. Double ring vectors
Icon set featuring six hair oil bottle icon variants in different container styles such as outlined circle, solid circle, thin ring, and rounded square frames. Ideal for beauty apps, packaging mockups, wellness UI, and eCommerce icons. Double ring vectors
Icon set featuring six hair oil bottle icon variants in different container styles such as outlined circle, solid circle, thin ring, and rounded square frames. Ideal for beauty apps, packaging mockups, wellness UI, and eCommerce icons. Double ring vectors
Traditional Islamic Ramadan golden decorative arch frame in oriental style. Boho line art. Arabic Muslim double thin arch border with outline rings with crescent and stars. Eid Mubarak vector design. Double ring vectors
Traditional Islamic Ramadan golden decorative arch frame in oriental style. Boho line art. Arabic Muslim double thin arch border with outline rings with crescent and stars. Eid Mubarak vector design. Double ring vectors
Blue DNA double helix molecule showing twisted ladder form for genetics and biotechnology. Perfect for education, science, and research use. Isolated on white background, 3d illustration. Double ring vectors
Blue DNA double helix molecule showing twisted ladder form for genetics and biotechnology. Perfect for education, science, and research use. Isolated on white background, 3d illustration. Double ring vectors
Technical showing an exploded view of a spherical roller bearing assembly aligned on a central axis against a white background. Components include a lock nut, lock washer, double-row spherical roller bearing with cutaway revealing rollers and cage, adapter sleeve, stepped shaft, gasket and flanged housing cover. Clean style diagram ideal for engineering manuals, mechanical education, industrial catalogs, maintenance training and presentations explaining bearing installation, machine parts and rotating equipment. Double ring vectors
Technical showing an exploded view of a spherical roller bearing assembly aligned on a central axis against a white background. Components include a lock nut, lock washer, double-row spherical roller bearing with cutaway revealing rollers and cage, adapter sleeve, stepped shaft, gasket and flanged housing cover. Clean style diagram ideal for engineering manuals, mechanical education, industrial catalogs, maintenance training and presentations explaining bearing installation, machine parts and rotating equipment. Double ring vectors
Fantasy magic portal gate door, witchcraft game asset. Cartoon vector enchanted wooden grand doorway with double sashes, purple crystal at its peak, framed by sts, feature golden rings as handles. Double ring vectors
Fantasy magic portal gate door, witchcraft game asset. Cartoon vector enchanted wooden grand doorway with double sashes, purple crystal at its peak, framed by sts, feature golden rings as handles. Double ring vectors
Striking horizontal black backdrop featuring two interlocking circular rings composed of multiple concentric thin lines with text for modern branding and tech company identity concepts. Double ring vectors
Striking horizontal black backdrop featuring two interlocking circular rings composed of multiple concentric thin lines with text for modern branding and tech company identity concepts. Double ring vectors
Flat style Valentine artwork: heart balloons valentine illustration, featuring heart balloons, coffee mug, double hearts, diamond ring and gift box in magenta and lavender colors. Pure EPS, no fonts. Double ring vectors
Flat style Valentine artwork: heart balloons valentine illustration, featuring heart balloons, coffee mug, double hearts, diamond ring and gift box in magenta and lavender colors. Pure EPS, no fonts. Double ring vectors
This charming rustic storage cabinet is crafted from high-quality pine wood, showcasing a natural grain with distinctive knots. The piece features sturdy double doors adorned with ornate black metal hinges and classic ring pull handles, providing a vintage aesthetic that complements farmhouse, traditional, or country-style interior home decor designs. Double ring vectors
This charming rustic storage cabinet is crafted from high-quality pine wood, showcasing a natural grain with distinctive knots. The piece features sturdy double doors adorned with ornate black metal hinges and classic ring pull handles, providing a vintage aesthetic that complements farmhouse, traditional, or country-style interior home decor designs. Double ring vectors
Set of black and white vector icons including a smiling compass rose inside a gear, a simple compass needle, a life preserver ring, a textured upward arrow, a grunge style globe, and a double chevron arrow. Generative AI. Double ring vectors
Set of black and white vector icons including a smiling compass rose inside a gear, a simple compass needle, a life preserver ring, a textured upward arrow, a grunge style globe, and a double chevron arrow. Generative AI. Double ring vectors
This image was created using Generative AI. Set of circular arrow icons including single and double arrows, wheel spokes, and segmented ring. Black outline design on white background. Ideal for web, UI, and print. Double ring vectors
This image was created using Generative AI. Set of circular arrow icons including single and double arrows, wheel spokes, and segmented ring. Black outline design on white background. Ideal for web, UI, and print. Double ring vectors
This image was created using Generative AI. Minimalist percentage symbol icon enclosed in a double circle. High contrast black design on white background. Ideal for business, finance, sales, and marketing materials. Double ring vectors
This image was created using Generative AI. Minimalist percentage symbol icon enclosed in a double circle. High contrast black design on white background. Ideal for business, finance, sales, and marketing materials. Double ring vectors
This image was created using Generative AI. Clean line art symbol representing electricity, power and energy. Simple geometric design with concentric circles. Ideal for technology, energy and industrial concepts. Isolated on white. Double ring vectors
This image was created using Generative AI. Clean line art symbol representing electricity, power and energy. Simple geometric design with concentric circles. Ideal for technology, energy and industrial concepts. Isolated on white. Double ring vectors
This image was created using Generative AI. Minimalist linear percent sign enclosed in a double ring circle. Clean black and white design suitable for discounts, rates, and financial statistics. Isolated on white. Double ring vectors
This image was created using Generative AI. Minimalist linear percent sign enclosed in a double ring circle. Clean black and white design suitable for discounts, rates, and financial statistics. Isolated on white. Double ring vectors
Bathroom. Sketch. Bath, mirror and double waterproof curtain. Vector illustration. Outline on isolated white background. Doodle style. Coloring for children. Idea for web design. Double ring vectors
Bathroom. Sketch. Bath, mirror and double waterproof curtain. Vector illustration. Outline on isolated white background. Doodle style. Coloring for children. Idea for web design. Double ring vectors
This image was created using Generative AI. Simple black plus sign centered in a double circle outline on white background. Minimalist geometric symbol for adding items, medical care, or positive concepts. Clean line art design. Double ring vectors
This image was created using Generative AI. Simple black plus sign centered in a double circle outline on white background. Minimalist geometric symbol for adding items, medical care, or positive concepts. Clean line art design. Double ring vectors
This image was created using Generative AI. Collection of blue chemical and molecular icons including benzene rings, atom structures, and DNA double helix. Ideal for science, chemistry, and biology themes. Clean minimal design on white background. Double ring vectors
This image was created using Generative AI. Collection of blue chemical and molecular icons including benzene rings, atom structures, and DNA double helix. Ideal for science, chemistry, and biology themes. Clean minimal design on white background. Double ring vectors