5,683 Knobs Vectors, Clipart, Icons, Backgrounds And Graphic Designs - Ready For Royalty Free Download From Dreamstime`s Creative Contributors.

Vintage television set featuring a retro black plastic housing, curved screen, and analog control dials. Ideal for nostalgic media and technology projects. Knobs vectors
Vintage television set featuring a retro black plastic housing, curved screen, and analog control dials. Ideal for nostalgic media and technology projects. Knobs vectors
A modern and functional digital illustration of an ergonomic office chair, designed for comfort and support in a professional or home workspace. The chair is rendered in various shades of grey, suggesting a contemporary aesthetic. It features a high mesh backrest for breathability and lumbar support, and a padded seat. The armrests appear adjustable, and the chair sits on a sturdy five-star base with dark-colored casters (wheels) for easy mobility. Multiple levers and knobs are subtly indicated beneath the seat, implying various adjustment mechanisms for personalized comfort. The entire composition is softly accented by diffused watercolor splashes in muted blue and light grey beige tones, providing an artistic and subtle backdrop. Presented as a clean cut-out on a transparent background, the artwork emphasizes the chair's ergonomic design, its professional appearance, and its suitability for contemporary offices, home studies, or gaming setups, promoting productivity and well-being. Knobs vectors
A modern and functional digital illustration of an ergonomic office chair, designed for comfort and support in a professional or home workspace. The chair is rendered in various shades of grey, suggesting a contemporary aesthetic. It features a high mesh backrest for breathability and lumbar support, and a padded seat. The armrests appear adjustable, and the chair sits on a sturdy five-star base with dark-colored casters (wheels) for easy mobility. Multiple levers and knobs are subtly indicated beneath the seat, implying various adjustment mechanisms for personalized comfort. The entire composition is softly accented by diffused watercolor splashes in muted blue and light grey beige tones, providing an artistic and subtle backdrop. Presented as a clean cut-out on a transparent background, the artwork emphasizes the chair's ergonomic design, its professional appearance, and its suitability for contemporary offices, home studies, or gaming setups, promoting productivity and well-being. Knobs vectors
A motorcycle shock absorber with a red coil spring is displayed on a white background. The shock absorber is black with silver and black knobs on top and a black mounting point at the bottom. The red coil spring is wrapped around the middle section. This image can be used to illustrate articles or websites related to motorcycle parts, suspension systems, or automotive engineering. Knobs vectors
A motorcycle shock absorber with a red coil spring is displayed on a white background. The shock absorber is black with silver and black knobs on top and a black mounting point at the bottom. The red coil spring is wrapped around the middle section. This image can be used to illustrate articles or websites related to motorcycle parts, suspension systems, or automotive engineering. Knobs vectors
This image shows a charming pink ceramic casserole dish with a matching lid. The dish features two sturdy side handles for easy gripping, and the lid has a small round knob in a contrasting orange hue. The design has a nostalgic, mid-century aesthetic with a subtle blue decorative ring around the lid’s base. Knobs vectors
This image shows a charming pink ceramic casserole dish with a matching lid. The dish features two sturdy side handles for easy gripping, and the lid has a small round knob in a contrasting orange hue. The design has a nostalgic, mid-century aesthetic with a subtle blue decorative ring around the lid’s base. Knobs vectors
Vintage television set featuring a retro black plastic housing, curved screen, and analog control dials. Ideal for nostalgic media and technology projects. Knobs vectors
Vintage television set featuring a retro black plastic housing, curved screen, and analog control dials. Ideal for nostalgic media and technology projects. Knobs vectors
A hand-drawn illustration of a vintage tube television set sitting on a brown wooden table. The TV has a silver-gray rectangular body with a black screen in the center. The screen has a grid-like pattern of horizontal and vertical lines. The TV has two black circular knobs on the right side and two black antenna sticks on top. The table is drawn with simple brown lines showing its edges and legs. The background is a light gray checkered pattern. The illustration has a sketchy, hand-drawn quality with clean lines and minimal shading. The TV is centered in the composition and takes up approximately one-third of the image height. Knobs vectors
A hand-drawn illustration of a vintage tube television set sitting on a brown wooden table. The TV has a silver-gray rectangular body with a black screen in the center. The screen has a grid-like pattern of horizontal and vertical lines. The TV has two black circular knobs on the right side and two black antenna sticks on top. The table is drawn with simple brown lines showing its edges and legs. The background is a light gray checkered pattern. The illustration has a sketchy, hand-drawn quality with clean lines and minimal shading. The TV is centered in the composition and takes up approximately one-third of the image height. Knobs vectors
A circular black featuring intricate gold-toned mechanical reliefs. The surface geometric shapes, spheres, cylinders, and textured blocks, creating a technical, industrial aesthetic. Knobs vectors
A circular black featuring intricate gold-toned mechanical reliefs. The surface geometric shapes, spheres, cylinders, and textured blocks, creating a technical, industrial aesthetic. Knobs vectors
This high-quality studio shot features a professional-grade binocular light microscope used for scientific research and education. The instrument is shown from a side angle, highlighting its precise optical lenses, adjustable mechanical stage, and focus knobs, all set against a stark white backdrop to emphasize its clean industrial design aesthetic. Knobs vectors
This high-quality studio shot features a professional-grade binocular light microscope used for scientific research and education. The instrument is shown from a side angle, highlighting its precise optical lenses, adjustable mechanical stage, and focus knobs, all set against a stark white backdrop to emphasize its clean industrial design aesthetic. Knobs vectors
This is a vintage black boombox portable cassette player featuring dual speakers, dial, knobs, and a handle. It exemplifies retro style with analog controls for playback and recording, embodying classic music and audio system technology. The image is digitally created and made with AI. Knobs vectors
This is a vintage black boombox portable cassette player featuring dual speakers, dial, knobs, and a handle. It exemplifies retro style with analog controls for playback and recording, embodying classic music and audio system technology. The image is digitally created and made with AI. Knobs vectors
Four hand-drawn, cartoon-style featuring electronic audio equipment. Includes a tablet with a navigation symbol, a blue headset with a target a dark purple console with a gauge, and a blue. Knobs vectors
Four hand-drawn, cartoon-style featuring electronic audio equipment. Includes a tablet with a navigation symbol, a blue headset with a target a dark purple console with a gauge, and a blue. Knobs vectors
This image is created by Artificial Intelligence. A detailed black and white line art illustration depicts a vintage oil lantern with a glowing flame. The classic design features a metal frame, glass globe, and adjustment knobs. It conveys a nostalgic, rustic, and timeless atmosphere for design. Knobs vectors
This image is created by Artificial Intelligence. A detailed black and white line art illustration depicts a vintage oil lantern with a glowing flame. The classic design features a metal frame, glass globe, and adjustment knobs. It conveys a nostalgic, rustic, and timeless atmosphere for design. Knobs vectors
This image was created using Generative AI. Isolated icon of a vintage television receiver featuring classic design elements like rabbit ear antennas and tuning knobs on a white background. Knobs vectors
This image was created using Generative AI. Isolated icon of a vintage television receiver featuring classic design elements like rabbit ear antennas and tuning knobs on a white background. Knobs vectors
Four coffee grinders are depicted in a line art composition. The designs include both classic hand-cranked burr grinders with prominent cranks and modern electric models featuring knobs and buttons. Each grinder has a distinct body shape and structure, showcasing various styles for coffee preparation. The illustration emphasizes the diversity in grinder designs, catering to different preferences in coffee bean preparation methods. The minimal and clean line art style focuses on the functional and aesthetic elements of each grinder. Knobs vectors
Four coffee grinders are depicted in a line art composition. The designs include both classic hand-cranked burr grinders with prominent cranks and modern electric models featuring knobs and buttons. Each grinder has a distinct body shape and structure, showcasing various styles for coffee preparation. The illustration emphasizes the diversity in grinder designs, catering to different preferences in coffee bean preparation methods. The minimal and clean line art style focuses on the functional and aesthetic elements of each grinder. Knobs vectors
This high-quality metal drafting compass is designed for precision engineering and architectural drawing tasks. Featuring adjustable legs, a built-in measurement scale, and ergonomic tightening knobs, it provides accurate circle drawing capabilities. Its sleek, industrial design makes it an essential tool for students, engineers, and professional designers in various fields. Knobs vectors
This high-quality metal drafting compass is designed for precision engineering and architectural drawing tasks. Featuring adjustable legs, a built-in measurement scale, and ergonomic tightening knobs, it provides accurate circle drawing capabilities. Its sleek, industrial design makes it an essential tool for students, engineers, and professional designers in various fields. Knobs vectors
Military field radio transceiver featuring a rugged olive-green design. Equipped with a prominent black whip antenna on top, various dials, a digital frequency display, and multiple input output connectors. The front panel includes labeled knobs for tuning and control, a meter display, and a coiled black cable connecting to a handheld microphone with a "PTT" (push-to-talk) button. Designed for durability and functionality in field operations, enabling secure communication over long distances. Knobs vectors
Military field radio transceiver featuring a rugged olive-green design. Equipped with a prominent black whip antenna on top, various dials, a digital frequency display, and multiple input output connectors. The front panel includes labeled knobs for tuning and control, a meter display, and a coiled black cable connecting to a handheld microphone with a "PTT" (push-to-talk) button. Designed for durability and functionality in field operations, enabling secure communication over long distances. Knobs vectors
A highly detailed photo of a vintage retro-style camera with intricate design elements, featuring polished metal accents and a classic leather finish. Captured in 16K resolution, perfectly accurate, and isolated on a clean white background,. Knobs vectors
A highly detailed photo of a vintage retro-style camera with intricate design elements, featuring polished metal accents and a classic leather finish. Captured in 16K resolution, perfectly accurate, and isolated on a clean white background,. Knobs vectors
A clean, minimalist flat icon of a professional espresso coffee machine. The design features a central coffee cup being filled, with a visible steam cloud effect indicating the brewing process. The machine includes a steam wand and control knobs, rendered in a modern, simplified graphic style. This icon is ideal for cafe menus, coffee shop branding, web design, mobile applications, and culinary-themed projects requiring a clear and recognizable coffee-related symbol. Knobs vectors
A clean, minimalist flat icon of a professional espresso coffee machine. The design features a central coffee cup being filled, with a visible steam cloud effect indicating the brewing process. The machine includes a steam wand and control knobs, rendered in a modern, simplified graphic style. This icon is ideal for cafe menus, coffee shop branding, web design, mobile applications, and culinary-themed projects requiring a clear and recognizable coffee-related symbol. Knobs vectors
Meters retro control panel cartoon. buttons lights, indicators toggles, sliders rotary meters retro control panel sign. isolated symbol vector illustration. Knobs vectors
Meters retro control panel cartoon. buttons lights, indicators toggles, sliders rotary meters retro control panel sign. isolated symbol vector illustration. Knobs vectors
An isometric depicting a diverse group of four young musicians working together on a futuristic digital audio mixing console. One person adjusts mixing sliders, another plays a virtual puzzle piece sound wave display, a third plays a keyboard synthesizer, and the fourth plays an electronic drum kit. The clean line art and modern tech concepts make this graphic ideal for websites, articles, or presentations related to music production, teamwork, creativity, audio engineering, future technology, digital arts, and collaborative projects. Knobs vectors
An isometric depicting a diverse group of four young musicians working together on a futuristic digital audio mixing console. One person adjusts mixing sliders, another plays a virtual puzzle piece sound wave display, a third plays a keyboard synthesizer, and the fourth plays an electronic drum kit. The clean line art and modern tech concepts make this graphic ideal for websites, articles, or presentations related to music production, teamwork, creativity, audio engineering, future technology, digital arts, and collaborative projects. Knobs vectors
This image was created using Generative AI. Minimalist line art icon of a wardrobe with doors and drawers placed inside a light blue speech bubble. Set against a solid medium blue background, this modern graphic is ideal for furniture apps, interior design concepts, or UI design. Knobs vectors
This image was created using Generative AI. Minimalist line art icon of a wardrobe with doors and drawers placed inside a light blue speech bubble. Set against a solid medium blue background, this modern graphic is ideal for furniture apps, interior design concepts, or UI design. Knobs vectors
This image features a retro vintage black television set with antenna, symbolizing classic analog technology and nostalgic home decor. The design highlights the mid-century style TV with a screen display, knobs, and dial typical of vintage gadgets. The image is AI-generated. Knobs vectors
This image features a retro vintage black television set with antenna, symbolizing classic analog technology and nostalgic home decor. The design highlights the mid-century style TV with a screen display, knobs, and dial typical of vintage gadgets. The image is AI-generated. Knobs vectors
A vibrant collection of isometric illustrations showcasing a variety of vintage synthesizers, drum machines, samplers, mixers, and speakers. Perfect for music production, technology, retro, and 80s themed projects. These detailed illustrations offer a unique perspective and are ideal for websites, articles, and design projects related to music technology and sound engineering. Knobs vectors
A vibrant collection of isometric illustrations showcasing a variety of vintage synthesizers, drum machines, samplers, mixers, and speakers. Perfect for music production, technology, retro, and 80s themed projects. These detailed illustrations offer a unique perspective and are ideal for websites, articles, and design projects related to music technology and sound engineering. Knobs vectors
This portable single burner gas stove is designed for convenience and efficiency in outdoor settings. Featuring a sleek black and silver finish, it includes a sturdy brass burner head and integrated control knobs. Compact and lightweight, it is the perfect solution for camping, hiking, and emergency meal preparation needs. Knobs vectors
This portable single burner gas stove is designed for convenience and efficiency in outdoor settings. Featuring a sleek black and silver finish, it includes a sturdy brass burner head and integrated control knobs. Compact and lightweight, it is the perfect solution for camping, hiking, and emergency meal preparation needs. Knobs vectors
A diverse assortment of mechanical tools and industrial components such as wrenches bolts nuts pliers clamps and other hardware parts isolated on transparent background , captivating background. Knobs vectors
A diverse assortment of mechanical tools and industrial components such as wrenches bolts nuts pliers clamps and other hardware parts isolated on transparent background , captivating background. Knobs vectors
Illustration of a retro audio setup featuring two large speakers a record player and a radio receiver all designed with wood grain textures isolated on transparent background , bold composition. Knobs vectors
Illustration of a retro audio setup featuring two large speakers a record player and a radio receiver all designed with wood grain textures isolated on transparent background , bold composition. Knobs vectors
A set of various mechanical valves and pipe fittings featuring control wheels and connectors isolated on transparent background showing detailed engineering components , creative perspective. Knobs vectors
A set of various mechanical valves and pipe fittings featuring control wheels and connectors isolated on transparent background showing detailed engineering components , creative perspective. Knobs vectors
A series of metal control valves with levers and circular dials connected by pipes isolated on transparent background showing mechanical engineering parts in detail , layered depth. Knobs vectors
A series of metal control valves with levers and circular dials connected by pipes isolated on transparent background showing mechanical engineering parts in detail , layered depth. Knobs vectors
A grid of black and white line depicting various kitchen appliances and cooking utensils. Includes microwaves, ovens, stoves, kettles, cups, bowls, and tools like spatulas and tongs , high resolution. Knobs vectors
A grid of black and white line depicting various kitchen appliances and cooking utensils. Includes microwaves, ovens, stoves, kettles, cups, bowls, and tools like spatulas and tongs , high resolution. Knobs vectors
A classic single-cutaway electric guitar with a vintage sunburst finish, dual humbucking pickups, and chrome hardware, isolated on a solid white background. Knobs vectors
A classic single-cutaway electric guitar with a vintage sunburst finish, dual humbucking pickups, and chrome hardware, isolated on a solid white background. Knobs vectors
This high-quality industrial warming cabinet features a polished stainless steel finish designed for commercial kitchen environments. Its minimalist, modern aesthetic includes precise control knobs and integrated ventilation slots, ensuring optimal temperature maintenance for food service operations. The unit is isolated on a white background, highlighting its clean, professional design. Knobs vectors
This high-quality industrial warming cabinet features a polished stainless steel finish designed for commercial kitchen environments. Its minimalist, modern aesthetic includes precise control knobs and integrated ventilation slots, ensuring optimal temperature maintenance for food service operations. The unit is isolated on a white background, highlighting its clean, professional design. Knobs vectors
A vector illustration depicting a 3D bioprinter with a heart being printed. The printer is white with a transparent front, displaying a red heart model being formed by a central extruder. Control panels with digital displays and knobs are at the base. Vertical bars inside guide the printing process. A red cross is on top, suggesting medical use. The design is simplified and schematic, focusing on the concept of tissue engineering and medical advancement in 3D printing technology. Knobs vectors
A vector illustration depicting a 3D bioprinter with a heart being printed. The printer is white with a transparent front, displaying a red heart model being formed by a central extruder. Control panels with digital displays and knobs are at the base. Vertical bars inside guide the printing process. A red cross is on top, suggesting medical use. The design is simplified and schematic, focusing on the concept of tissue engineering and medical advancement in 3D printing technology. Knobs vectors
This image showcases a pair of stylish binoculars featuring a sleek metallic body with gold detailing. The binoculars have black eyepieces and knobs, a central focusing wheel, and a classic design, making them suitable for both outdoor activities and decorative purposes. The sturdy build and aesthetic appeal suggest a blend of functionality and vintage charm. Knobs vectors
This image showcases a pair of stylish binoculars featuring a sleek metallic body with gold detailing. The binoculars have black eyepieces and knobs, a central focusing wheel, and a classic design, making them suitable for both outdoor activities and decorative purposes. The sturdy build and aesthetic appeal suggest a blend of functionality and vintage charm. Knobs vectors
Stylized of a laboratory centrifuge machine. The device features an open lid, revealing a circular rotor holding multiple test tubes oriented at an angle. Control knobs and a digital display are visible on the front panel. The design is rendered in a monochromatic yellow color scheme, emphasizing the machine's key components and functionality essential for scientific research, such as separating mixtures or fluids by spinning them at high speeds. Knobs vectors
Stylized of a laboratory centrifuge machine. The device features an open lid, revealing a circular rotor holding multiple test tubes oriented at an angle. Control knobs and a digital display are visible on the front panel. The design is rendered in a monochromatic yellow color scheme, emphasizing the machine's key components and functionality essential for scientific research, such as separating mixtures or fluids by spinning them at high speeds. Knobs vectors
Collection of classic bedroom furniture silhouettes, including beds, nightstands, wardrobe, chair, and mirror. Perfect for interior design projects, home decor, and furniture catalogs. Knobs vectors
Collection of classic bedroom furniture silhouettes, including beds, nightstands, wardrobe, chair, and mirror. Perfect for interior design projects, home decor, and furniture catalogs. Knobs vectors
Industrial radio against a neutral gray background, black and yellow color scheme, various controls on front panel, screen displaying station or frequency, possible AMFM capabilities, no other objec. Knobs vectors
Industrial radio against a neutral gray background, black and yellow color scheme, various controls on front panel, screen displaying station or frequency, possible AMFM capabilities, no other objec. Knobs vectors
A simple line art illustration of scientific laboratory equipment against a white background. On the left side is a microscope drawn in a sketch style with detailed mechanical components, including an adjustable stage, focusing knobs, and a curved arm. On the right side is a hand wearing a light blue latex glove holding a test tube containing a reddish-brown liquid. The test tube has small bubbles visible inside it. The illustration has clean, bold lines and is rendered in a minimalist style with no shading or gradients. The microscope and gloved hand are positioned at a slight angle, creating a sense of depth in the composition. The entire illustration has a professional scientific or medical laboratory aesthetic. Knobs vectors
A simple line art illustration of scientific laboratory equipment against a white background. On the left side is a microscope drawn in a sketch style with detailed mechanical components, including an adjustable stage, focusing knobs, and a curved arm. On the right side is a hand wearing a light blue latex glove holding a test tube containing a reddish-brown liquid. The test tube has small bubbles visible inside it. The illustration has clean, bold lines and is rendered in a minimalist style with no shading or gradients. The microscope and gloved hand are positioned at a slight angle, creating a sense of depth in the composition. The entire illustration has a professional scientific or medical laboratory aesthetic. Knobs vectors
Interface design featuring digital control elements on a dark background. A large circular knob with an arrow indicator is central, surrounded by smaller knobs with red, green, and purple accents. Below, a series of media control buttons include icons for stop, play, fast forward, rewind, pause, and record, outlined in a teal hue. Horizontal sliders with gradient colors and circular handles adjust settings. The design suggests a modern, sleek aesthetic suitable for audio or multimedia applications. Knobs vectors
Interface design featuring digital control elements on a dark background. A large circular knob with an arrow indicator is central, surrounded by smaller knobs with red, green, and purple accents. Below, a series of media control buttons include icons for stop, play, fast forward, rewind, pause, and record, outlined in a teal hue. Horizontal sliders with gradient colors and circular handles adjust settings. The design suggests a modern, sleek aesthetic suitable for audio or multimedia applications. Knobs vectors
Illustration of a laboratory centrifuge with an open lid, displaying 12 test tubes inserted in a circular rotor. The tubes are filled with a purple liquid. The centrifuge features a digital display panel with buttons on the front. The device is predominantly white and blue, with a round lid and control knobs. Centrifuges are used in labs to separate substances of different densities in solutions through rapid spinning. Knobs vectors
Illustration of a laboratory centrifuge with an open lid, displaying 12 test tubes inserted in a circular rotor. The tubes are filled with a purple liquid. The centrifuge features a digital display panel with buttons on the front. The device is predominantly white and blue, with a round lid and control knobs. Centrifuges are used in labs to separate substances of different densities in solutions through rapid spinning. Knobs vectors
A 3D rendered toy oven in bright blue with a teal oven door. On top sits a yellow pie with orange circular toppings. Inside the oven door, an orange heart shape is visible on a shelf. The oven has four orange knobs on a cream-colored panel. The object is isolated on a white background. Knobs vectors
A 3D rendered toy oven in bright blue with a teal oven door. On top sits a yellow pie with orange circular toppings. Inside the oven door, an orange heart shape is visible on a shelf. The oven has four orange knobs on a cream-colored panel. The object is isolated on a white background. Knobs vectors
Collection of black modular kitchen cooktops, including both gas and induction types. The designs vary in configuration with one, two, three, and four burners. The surfaces are sleek and minimalist, featuring circular and cross-style burners and arranged in a grid. Knobs are integrated on some models, while others have touch controls. The sets combine functionality with modern aesthetics, suitable for versatile kitchen layouts. Knobs vectors
Collection of black modular kitchen cooktops, including both gas and induction types. The designs vary in configuration with one, two, three, and four burners. The surfaces are sleek and minimalist, featuring circular and cross-style burners and arranged in a grid. Knobs are integrated on some models, while others have touch controls. The sets combine functionality with modern aesthetics, suitable for versatile kitchen layouts. Knobs vectors
Illustration of a stylized microscope with a green and black color scheme. The design features a classic microscope shape with an eyepiece, body tube, and adjustable knobs. It includes a stage for specimen placement and a curved arm connecting to the base. Simple and bold lines emphasize its form, set against a white background, creating a clear and modern look. Perfect for educational or scientific materials. Knobs vectors
Illustration of a stylized microscope with a green and black color scheme. The design features a classic microscope shape with an eyepiece, body tube, and adjustable knobs. It includes a stage for specimen placement and a curved arm connecting to the base. Simple and bold lines emphasize its form, set against a white background, creating a clear and modern look. Perfect for educational or scientific materials. Knobs vectors
A comprehensive collection of vintage electronic devices, meticulously illustrated in a top-down perspective. The image showcases a variety of retro gadgets, perfect for projects related to technology, history, or nostalgia. Knobs vectors
A comprehensive collection of vintage electronic devices, meticulously illustrated in a top-down perspective. The image showcases a variety of retro gadgets, perfect for projects related to technology, history, or nostalgia. Knobs vectors
This is a vintage wooden medicine cabinet illustration featuring glass bottles and drawers, styled in classic black and white line art. It represents an antique pharmacy or apothecary storage and display unit, emphasizing nostalgic and traditional home or bathroom decor. The image is an AI-generated illustration. Knobs vectors
This is a vintage wooden medicine cabinet illustration featuring glass bottles and drawers, styled in classic black and white line art. It represents an antique pharmacy or apothecary storage and display unit, emphasizing nostalgic and traditional home or bathroom decor. The image is an AI-generated illustration. Knobs vectors
A sleek black volume control knob with a metallic finish, featuring a circular shape and smooth gradient. It includes minimalistic indicators for min and max at either end of the rotation arc. The knob's center is a lighter, reflective silver tone, with a small orange line at the base indicating position. A small yellow dot on the arc denotes the current setting. The background is a dark gray, enhancing the modern, digital look. Knobs vectors
A sleek black volume control knob with a metallic finish, featuring a circular shape and smooth gradient. It includes minimalistic indicators for min and max at either end of the rotation arc. The knob's center is a lighter, reflective silver tone, with a small orange line at the base indicating position. A small yellow dot on the arc denotes the current setting. The background is a dark gray, enhancing the modern, digital look. Knobs vectors